MySQL默认的数据文档存储目录为/var/lib/mysql。假如要把MySQL目录移到/home/data下需要进行下面几步：
1、创建目录cd /opt && mkdir data
2、把MySQL服务进程停掉
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown .. 或者 service mysqld stop
3、把/var/lib/mysql整个目录移到/home/data
mv /var/lib/mysql/* /opt/data/ 这样就把MySQL的数据文档移动到了/home/data/下 。4、找到my.cnf配置文档
假如/etc/目录下没有my.cnf配置文档，请到/usr/share/mysql/下找到*.cnf文档，拷贝其中一个到/etc/并改名为my.cnf)中。
命令如下： [root@test1 mysql]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf5、编辑MySQL的配置文档/etc/my.cnf
为确保MySQL能够正常工作，需要指明mysql.sock文档的产生位置。修改socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock一行中等号右边的值为：/home/mysql/mysql.sock 。操作如下： . vi my.cnf (用vi工具编辑my.cnf文档，找到下列数据修改之，有的版本上是有的，就不用改了) . # The MySQL server [mysqld] port = 3306 #socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock(原内容，为了更稳妥用“#”注释此行) socket = /opt/data/mysql/mysql.sock (加上此行) .6、修改MySQL启动脚本/etc/init.d/mysql
最后，需要修改MySQL启动脚本/etc/init.d/mysql，把其中datadir=/var/lib/mysql一行中，等号右边的路径改成您现在的实际存放路径：home/data/mysql。 [root@test1 etc]# vi /etc/init.d/mysql #datadir=/var/lib/mysql (注释此行) 。 datadir=/opt/data/mysql (加上此行) ..7、重新启动MySQL服务
/etc/init.d/mysql start ... 或者 service mysqld start8、配置文件示例
[root@test1 etc]# more /etc/my.cnf
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems. # # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with # other programs (such as a web server) # # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, see: # # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the "--help" option.# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client] #password = your_password port = 3306 #socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock socket = /opt/data/mysql.sock# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld] port = 3306 #socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock socket = /opt/data/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host. # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes. # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows # (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless! # #skip-networking# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication log-bin=mysql-bin# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set # but will not function as a master if omitted server-id = 1# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
# # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between # two methods : # # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - # the syntax is: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, # MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; # # where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and # <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). # # Example: # # CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, # MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; # # OR # # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then # start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example # if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to # connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later # change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and # overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown # the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. # For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched # (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) # # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 # (and different from the master) # defaults to 2 if master-host is set # but will not function as a slave if omitted #server-id = 2 # # The replication master for this slave - required #master-host = <hostname> # # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting # to the master - required #master-user = <username> # # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to # the master - required #master-password = <password> # # The port the master is listening on. # optional - defaults to 3306 #master-port = <port> # # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended #log-bin=mysql-bin# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 % # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50[mysqldump]
quick max_allowed_packet = 16M[mysql]
no-auto-rehash # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout[root@test1 etc]#
[root@test1 etc]# [root@test1 etc]# [root@test1 etc]# more /etc/init.d/mysqld #!/bin/sh # # mysqld This shell script takes care of starting and stopping # the MySQL subsystem (mysqld). # # chkconfig: - 64 36 # description: MySQL database server. # processname: mysqld # config: /etc/my.cnf # pidfile: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network exec="/usr/bin/mysqld_safe" prog="mysqld"# Set timeouts here so they can be overridden from /etc/sysconfig/mysqld
STARTTIMEOUT=120 STOPTIMEOUT=60[ -e /etc/sysconfig/$prog ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$prog
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/$prog
# extract value of a MySQL option from config files # Usage: get_mysql_option SECTION VARNAME DEFAULT # result is returned in $result # We use my_print_defaults which prints all options from multiple files, # with the more specific ones later; hence take the last match. get_mysql_option(){ result=`/usr/bin/my_print_defaults "$1" | sed -n "s/^--$2=//p" | tail -n 1` if [ -z "$result" ]; then # not found, use default result="$3" fi }#get_mysql_option mysqld datadir "/var/lib/mysql"
get_mysql_option mysqld datadir "/opt/data/mysql" datadir="$result" get_mysql_option mysqld socket "$datadir/mysql.sock" socketfile="$result" get_mysql_option mysqld_safe log-error "/var/log/mysqld.log" errlogfile="$result" get_mysql_option mysqld_safe pid-file "/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid" mypidfile="$result" start(){ [ -x $exec ] || exit 5 # check to see if it's already running RESPONSE=`/usr/bin/mysqladmin --socket="$socketfile" --user=UNKNOWN_MYSQL_USER ping 2>&1` if [ $? = 0 ]; then # already running, do nothing action $"Starting $prog: " /bin/true ret=0 elif echo "$RESPONSE" | grep -q "Access denied for user" then # already running, do nothing action $"Starting $prog: " /bin/true ret=0 else # prepare for start touch "$errlogfile" chown mysql:mysql "$errlogfile" chmod 0640 "$errlogfile" [ -x /sbin/restorecon ] && /sbin/restorecon "$errlogfile" if [ ! -d "$datadir/mysql" ] ; then # First, make sure $datadir is there with correct permissions if [ ! -e "$datadir" -a ! -h "$datadir" ] then mkdir -p "$datadir" || exit 1 fi chown mysql:mysql "$datadir" chmod 0755 "$datadir" [ -x /sbin/restorecon ] && /sbin/restorecon "$datadir" # Now create the database action $"Initializing MySQL database: " /usr/bin/mysql_install_db --datadir="$datadir" --user=mysql ret=$? chown -R mysql:mysql "$datadir" if [ $ret -ne 0 ] ; then return $ret fi fi chown mysql:mysql "$datadir" chmod 0755 "$datadir" # Pass all the options determined above, to ensure consistent behavior. # In many cases mysqld_safe would arrive at the same conclusions anyway # but we need to be sure. (An exception is that we don't force the # log-error setting, since this script doesn't really depend on that, # and some users might prefer to configure logging to syslog.) # Note: set --basedir to prevent probes that might trigger SELinux # alarms, per bug #547485 $exec --datadir="$datadir" --socket="$socketfile" \ --pid-file="$mypidfile" \ --basedir=/usr --user=mysql >/dev/null 2>&1 & safe_pid=$! # Spin for a maximum of N seconds waiting for the server to come up; # exit the loop immediately if mysqld_safe process disappears. # Rather than assuming we know a valid username, accept an "access # denied" response as meaning the server is functioning. ret=0 TIMEOUT="$STARTTIMEOUT" while [ $TIMEOUT -gt 0 ]; do RESPONSE=`/usr/bin/mysqladmin --socket="$socketfile" --user=UNKNOWN_MYSQL_USER ping 2>&1` && break echo "$RESPONSE" | grep -q "Access denied for user" && break if ! /bin/kill -0 $safe_pid 2>/dev/null; then echo "MySQL Daemon failed to start." ret=1 break fi sleep 1 let TIMEOUT=${TIMEOUT}-1 done if [ $TIMEOUT -eq 0 ]; then echo "Timeout error occurred trying to start MySQL Daemon." ret=1 fi if [ $ret -eq 0 ]; then action $"Starting $prog: " /bin/true touch $lockfile else action $"Starting $prog: " /bin/false fi fi return $ret }stop(){
if [ ! -f "$mypidfile" ]; then # not running; per LSB standards this is "ok" action $"Stopping $prog: " /bin/true return 0 fi MYSQLPID=`cat "$mypidfile"` if [ -n "$MYSQLPID" ]; then /bin/kill "$MYSQLPID" >/dev/null 2>&1 ret=$? if [ $ret -eq 0 ]; then TIMEOUT="$STOPTIMEOUT" while [ $TIMEOUT -gt 0 ]; do /bin/kill -0 "$MYSQLPID" >/dev/null 2>&1 || break sleep 1 let TIMEOUT=${TIMEOUT}-1 done if [ $TIMEOUT -eq 0 ]; then echo "Timeout error occurred trying to stop MySQL Daemon." ret=1 action $"Stopping $prog: " /bin/false else rm -f $lockfile rm -f "$socketfile" action $"Stopping $prog: " /bin/true fi else action $"Stopping $prog: " /bin/false fi else # failed to read pidfile, probably insufficient permissions action $"Stopping $prog: " /bin/false ret=4 fi return $ret } restart(){ stop start }condrestart(){
[ -e $lockfile ] && restart || : } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; status) status -p "$mypidfile" $prog ;; restart) restart ;; condrestart|try-restart) condrestart ;; reload) exit 3 ;; force-reload) restart ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}" exit 2 esacexit $?
[root@test1 etc]#
[root@test1 etc]# chkconfig --add mysqld [root@test1 etc]# chkconfig --level mysqld on [root@test1 etc]# [root@test1 etc]#